India's immigration law is primarily governed by the Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025, which aims to consolidate and modernize existing laws related to the entry, stay, and exit of foreigners. This bill repeals and replaces the Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920, the Registration of Foreigners Act, 1939, the Foreigners Act, 1946, and the Immigration (Carriers' Liability) Act, 2000. Key aspects of the Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025:
- Passport and Visa Requirements: Foreigners entering or leaving India must possess valid passports and visas, unless exempted.
- Visa Categories: The bill outlines various visa categories based on the purpose of visit and duration of stay, including tourist, business, employment, student, medical, research, and religious visas.
- Registration of Foreigners: Foreigners residing in India for more than 180 days are required to register with the Foreigners Regional Registration Office (FRRO) within 14 days of arrival.
- Restrictions on Movement: Foreigners are prohibited from entering, residing, or remaining in protected, restricted, or prohibited areas without a permit.
- Changes in Name and Address: Any change in name from the one under which a foreigner entered India requires authorization from the appropriate authority.
- Criminal Record Checks: All visa applicants undergo criminal record checks, and high-risk applicants may require additional security clearance.
- Penalties for Violations: The bill specifies penalties for unauthorized entry, overstaying, and violations of visa conditions, including imprisonment and fines.
- Carrier Liability: The bill also addresses the liability of carriers in cases where passengers enter India without proper documentation.
Other relevant laws and policies:
- Citizenship Act, 1955: This act regulates the acquisition and loss of Indian citizenship.
- Foreigners Act, 1946: This act provides the legal framework for regulating foreigners in India.
- Registration of Foreigners Rules, 1992: These rules detail the procedures for registration of foreigners.
In essence, the Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025, aims to create a more streamlined and efficient immigration system while strengthening border control and national security.
